Budaya Hidup Sehat
(Sumber:Budi, Sapto. Buku Kerja Siswa Pendidikan jasmani Olahraga Kesehatan .Ponorogo: Tim MGMP Penjasorkes SMA Kabupaten Ponorogo.)
I Pengertian HIV/ AIDS
Penyakit AIDS secara medis belum ditemukan obat yang tepat untuk mematikan atau melawan virus HIV. Kasus AIDS pada tahun 1987, ditemukan di Indonesia pertama kali di Bali. Penderita adalah seorang pria homoseksual warga Negara Belanda dengan partner warga Negara Belanda asal Indonesia. Menurut Dr. Michael Golith, Imunolog yang merawat actor kondang yang meninggal karena AIDS, bernama Rock Hudson, belum pernah dalam sejarah manusia, virus yang begitu menakutkan dan sekaligus menebarkan terror, kepanikan, serta kecurigaan social dan politik ke seluruh penjuru dunia.
AIDS (Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrom) adalah kumpulan gejala menurunkan fungsi kekebalan tubuh karena infeksi HIV (Human Immuno Deficiency Virus), yaitu virus yang menyerang kekebalan tubuh manusia (immune system).
a Bahaya dari penularan Virus HIV/ AIDS
1. Gejala yang timbul dari virus HIV/ AIDS dari penularan 5-10 tahun baru ditemukan
2. Demam dalam waktu yang lama
3. Berat badan menurun jauh
4. Sesak napas dan batuk-batuk
5. Pembesaran kelenjar di leher dan pangkal paha, diare hebat, infeksi yang tak lazim bagi manusia
6. Berakhir dengan kematian
b Factor penyebab Penularan virus HIV/ AIDS
1. Menurut Prof. Luc. Montaqnier, penyebaran virus HIV/ AIDS melalui hubungan seksual homoseksual, heteroseksual, maupun oral seks. Virus ini hanya membutuhkan sekali saja untuk kontak dengan penderita.
2. Tahapan gejala-gejala HIV/ AIDS, sebagai berikut:
i. Tahap awal infeksi HIV, gejalanya mirip influenza (demam, rasa lemah, lesu, sendi, terasa nyeri, batuk, nyeri tenggorokan, dan pembesaran kelenjar). Gejala ini biasanya berlangung beberapa hari atau beberapa minggu saja, lalu hilang dengan sendirinya.
ii. Tahap tanpa gejala, meskipun ia tidak menunjukkan gejala, tetapi pada tes darah ditemukan antibody HIV dan disebut HIV +. Masa ini dapat berlangsung bertahun-tahun (5 tahun-7 tahun).
iii. Tahap ARC (AIDS related Complex), muncul gejala-gejala AIDS. ARC adalah istilah bila didapati dua atau lebih gejala yang berlangsung selama tiga bulan atau lebih, yaitu demam disertai keringat malam, penurunan berat badan lebih dari 10%, kelemahan tubuh yang mengganggu aktivitas sehari-hari, pembesaran kelenjar secara luas, diare (mencret) berkala atau terus menerus dalam waktu lama tanpa sebab yang jelas, batuk dan sesak napas lebih dari satu bulan, kulit gatal dan bercak-bercak merah kebiruan, sakit tenggorokan dan pendarahan yang tidak jelas sebabnya.
iv. Tahap AIDS, muncul infeksi lain yang berbahaya (TBC, jamur, dan lain-lain) karena kekebalan tubuh telah demikian rusak, yang disebut infeksi oportunistik. Di samping itu, dapat terjadi kanker kulit dan kanker kelenjar getah bening.
v. Tahap gangguan otak (susunan saraf pusat), pada tahap ini dapat mengakibatkan kematian sel otak dan gangguan mental. Gangguan mental yang terjadi berupa demensia (gangguan daya ingat), penurunan kesadaran, gangguan psikotik, depresi, dan gangguan saraf.
c Cara penularan Virus HIV/ AIDS
1. Penularan HIV/ AIDS dapat terjadi melalui cara sebagai berikut
i. Hubungan Kelamin
ii. Transfusi darah
iii. Alat-alat medis
iv. Ibu hamil
v. Cairan tubuh
vi. Donor organ (transplantasi)
2. Masa inkubasi HIV/ AIDS, masa inkubasi adalah jangka waktu setelah terjadinya penularan sampai dengan timbulnya gejala penyakit. Penyakit AIDS mempunyai masa inkubasi, yaitu masa tunas virus AIDS (HIV) menjadi AIDS. Ketika mulai masa inkubasi atahu mulai terjangkit HIV, jumlah sel CD-4 dalam tubuh perlahan-lahan akan berkurang sampai setengahnya. Ini berarti tubuh telah kehilangan setengah dari kekebalannya. Dalam kondisi seperti itu, kekebalan masih berfungsi dan dapat bertahan sekitar 9-10 tahun. Namun setelah, 9-10 tahun terinfeksi HIV, jumlah sel CD-4 dalam tubuh akan sangat berkurang sehingga system kekebalan tidak berfungsi lagi. Pada saat inilah penderita tersebut menjadi penderita AIDS. Jadi bila seseorang mengidap AIDS berarti ia telah terinfeksi HIV sekitar 9-10 tahun silam (diperkirakan paling lama). Dengan demikian masa inkubasi HIV berkisar 1-9 tahun atau 1-10 tahun atau lebih. Masa inkubasi ini lebih singkat pada bayi-bayi yang lahir dari ibu yang telah mengalami penularan HIV. Bayi-bayi ini mulai menunjukkan gejala-gejala AIDS dalam usia 1 tahun.
d Gejala awal terinfeksi Virus HIV/ AIDS, Human Immunedeficiency Viurs (HIV) telah dikenal sebagai virus penyebab AIDS. Ketika masuk ke dalam tubuh langsung menyerang system kekebalan tubuh, yaitu limposit T4 yang kemudian mengadakan ikatan dengan CD-4 receptor yang terdapat pada permukaan limposit. Virus ini irreversible atau tidak dapat kembali dan berlangsung seumur hidup, karena Human Immunedeficiency Viurs (HIV) ini telah setelah berkembang biak pada inangnya akan mengandung bahan genetic virus. Sejak itulah tubuh si penderita sudah kehilangan sebagai system kekebalan dan system kekebalan sisanya bekerja, sehingga penderita kekurangan sehat sebagaimana orang normal. Meskipun kelihatan sehat, penderita ini sangat berpotensi menularkan virus AIDS atau Human Immunedeficiency Viurs (HIV) pada orang lain. Gejala fisik mulai kehilangan, seperti demam berkeringatan malam hari, badan cepat lesu, nafsu makan menurun, badan kurus, mudah terserang flu, mencret, bercak-bercak putih dan timbul penyakit paru-paru. Gejala tertular penyakit AIDS sebagai berikut:
1. Gejala mayor:
i. Berat badan menurun lebih dari 10 kg dalam waktu singkat
ii. Demam berkepanjangan selama lebih dari satu bulan disertai keringat dingin
iii. Diare berkepanjangan selama lebih dari satu bulan
iv. Rasa lelah yang berkepanjangan
2. Gejala minor:
i. Batuk berkepanjangan selama lebih dari satu bulan
ii. Kelainan kulit dan iritasi (gatal)
iii. Herpes simpleks meluas dan bertambah parah
iv. Infeksi jamur pada mulut dan kerongkongan
v. Pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening (mlanjer) di seluruh tubuh terutama di bawah telinga, ketiak, dan lipat paha.
e Kelompok Berisiko Tinggi Terkena HIV/ AIDS
1. Homoseksual, sekelompok orang yang menyukai sesama jenis
2. Heteroseksual, kebiasaan berganti-ganti pasangan sangat berisiko tertular.
3. Biseksual
4. Pecandu Narkoba
f Cara Menghindari Penularan HIV/ AIDS
1. Pencegahan HIV/ AIDS
i. Selalu menggunakan jarum suntik yang steril dan baru ketika kita akan melakukan penyuntikan atau proses lain yang mengakibatkan terjadinya luka
ii. Selalu menerapkan kewaspadaan mengenai seks aman (artinya: hubungan seks yang tidak memungkinan tercampurnya cairan kelamin, karena hal ini memungkinkan penularan Human Immunedeficiency Viurs).
iii. Bila ibu hamil dalam keadaan Human Immunedeficiency Viurs (HIV) positif, sebaiknya diberitahu tentang semua risiko dan kemungkinan-kemungkinan yang akan terjadi pada dirinya sendiri dan bayinya, sehingga keputusan untuk menyusui bayi dengan Air susu Ibu (ASI) sendiri bisa dipertimbangkan.
2. Obat-obat HIV/ AIDS, obat-obatan yang dikenal hanyalah obat-obatan yang dapat menambah daya tahan tubuh penderita atau memperpanjang umur.
i. AZT (Azidothymtdine), obat ini mampu menahan perkembangan virus namum mengandung efek samping. Efek samping yang bakal timbul diantaranya adalah penderita akan mengalami kerusakan tulang sumsum dan menderita anemia berat, akibatnya penderita harus menjalani transfuse darah.
ii. DDI (discoxyycitidine), cara kerja obat ini tidak berbeda dengan AZT, yaitu mampu menahan reproduksi virus AIDS dalam darah. Obat ini telah diuji coba dan tidak menimbulkan efek samping yang fatal.
iii. DDC (Zalcitabine), seperti halnya AZT dan DDI, obat ini dapat menahan perkembangan virus AIDS.
iv. M-HAD (Meiji Humin Derivetize Al-Bumin), obat ini gabungan antara Carbodmine Humin dan Suceiny lated Human Al-Bumin yang telah terkandung dalam manusia, obat ini mampu menyingkirkan sel-sel tubuh yang digerogoti HIV dengan tidak membahayakan limposit normal.
v. Tachyplesin, merupakan cairan kimia yang diambil dari hewan sejenis kepitin (Tachyplcus Triadentatus) yang dinamakan T-220. Ramuan ini telah diuji coba pada tikus dengan hasil yang sangat memuaskan, namun masih menimbulkan efek samping seperti AZT.
IN ENGLISH (with google translate Indonesian-english)
Culture Healthy Living
(Source: Budi, Sapto. Buku Kerja Siswa Pendidikan jasmani Olahraga Kesehatan .Ponorogo: Tim MGMP Penjasorkes SMA Kabupaten Ponorogo.)
I Definition of HIV / AIDS
AIDS has not been found to be medically appropriate drugs to kill or fight the HIV virus. AIDS cases in 1987, was first discovered in Indonesia in Bali. Patient was a homosexual man with a Dutch citizen partner Dutch citizens from Indonesia. According to Dr. Michael Golith, Imunolog treating a famous actor died of AIDS, named Rock Hudson, has never in human history, the virus that was so scary and at once spread terror, panic, and social and political suspicion all over the world.AIDS (Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome) is a collection of symptoms lowered immune function due to infection with HIV (Human Immuno Deficiency Virus), a virus that attacks the human immune system (immune system).a danger of transmission of HIV virus / AIDS1. The symptoms of HIV / AIDS transmission from newly discovered 5-10 years2. Fever in a long time3. Weight loss is much4. Shortness of breath and coughing5. Enlarged glands in the neck and groin, severe diarrhea, unusual infection for humans6. End in death
b Factor causes of transmission of HIV / AIDS
1. According to Prof. Luc. Montaqnier, the spread of HIV / AIDS through homosexual intercourse, heterosexual, or oral sex. This virus only takes one time to contact with patients.
2. Stages of the symptoms of HIV / AIDS, as follows:i. The early stages of HIV infection, influenza-like symptoms (fever, weakness, lethargy, joint pain, cough, sore throat, and enlargement of the gland). These symptoms usually begin on a few days or several weeks, then disappear by itself.ii. Asymptomatic stage, although he did not show symptoms, but on a blood test called the HIV antibody was found HIV +. This period can last many years (5 years-7 years).iii. Stage ARC (AIDS related Complex), the symptoms of AIDS appear. ARC is a term if found to be two or more symptoms that last for three months or more, which is accompanied by fever, night sweats, weight loss of more than 10%, weakness of the body that interfere with daily activities, is widely enlarged glands, diarrhea (diarrhea) periodic or continuously in a long time for no apparent reason, coughing and shortness of breath more than one month, itching skin and patches of bluish red, sore throat and bleeding is not clear why.iv. Stages of AIDS, other infections that appear benign (tuberculosis, fungi, etc.) because their immune systems have been so damaged, so-called opportunistic infections. In addition, there can be skin cancer and lymphoma.v. Stages of brain disorders (CNS), at this stage can lead to brain cell death and mental disorders. Mental disorder that occurs in the form of dementia (memory impairment), decreased consciousness, psychotic disorders, depression, and neurological disorders.
c Virus Transmission of HIV / AIDS1. HIV / AIDS transmission can occur through the following waysi. Intercourseii. Transfusioniii. Medical devicesiv. Pregnant womenv. Body fluidsvi. Organ donation (transplant)2. The incubation period of HIV / AIDS, the incubation period is the period of time after the infection until the disease symptoms. AIDS disease has an incubation period, which shoots the AIDS virus (HIV) to AIDS. When starting the incubation period from contracting HIV atahu, the number of CD-4 cells in the body will slowly be reduced by half. This means the body has lost half of its resistance.In such conditions, immunity is still functioning and can last about 9-10 years. But after, 9-10 years infected with HIV, the number of CD-4 cells in the body are greatly reduced so that the immune system does not work anymore. At this moment the patient is a patient of AIDS. So if a person has AIDS means she has been infected with HIV about 9-10 years ago (estimated maximum). Thus the HIV incubation period ranges from 1-9 years or 1-10 years or more. The incubation period is shorter in infants born to mothers who have undergone HIV transmission. These babies begin to show symptoms of AIDS within 1 year of age.
d The initial symptoms of virus-infected HIV / AIDS, Human Immunedeficiency Viurs (HIV) has been known as the virus that causes AIDS. When it enters the body directly attacks the immune system, the T4 lymphocytes which are then entered into a bond with the CD-4 receptor found on the surface of lymphocytes. The virus is irreversible or not able to return and last a lifetime, because the Human Immunedeficiency Viurs (HIV) has been after the breed in its host will contain the viral genetic material. Since then the body of the patient was lost as the immune system and immune system remaining work, so the lack of healthy people as normal people.Although it looks healthy, these patients are most contagious virus or Human Immunedeficiency Viurs AIDS (HIV) in others. Physical symptoms begin to lose, such as fever berkeringatan night, the body quickly lethargy, decreased appetite, a thin body, susceptible to colds, diarrhea, white spots and lung diseases arise. Symptoms of AIDS contracted the disease as follows:
1. Major symptoms:i. Body weight decreased by more than 10 pounds in a short timeii. Prolonged fever for more than a month with a cold sweatiii. Prolonged diarrhea for more than a monthiv. Prolonged fatigue
2. Minor symptoms:i. Prolonged cough for more than a monthii. Abnormalities of the skin and irritation (itching)iii. Herpes simplex widespread and getting worseiv. Fungal infections of the mouth and esophagusv. Swollen lymph nodes (mlanjer) throughout the body, especially in the ears, armpits, and groin.
e High-Risk Groups Affected by HIV / AIDS1. Homosexuals, a group of people who like the same sex2. Heterosexual, promiscuous habits is at risk of contracting.3. Bisexual4. Drug Addicts
f How to Avoid the Transmission of HIV / AIDS
1. Prevention of HIV / AIDSi. Always use a sterile syringe and just when we'll do the injections or other processes that result in injuryii. Always on alert about safe sex (meaning sex that does not allow gender mixing fluids, as this allows the transmission of Human Immunedeficiency Viurs).iii. When women in a state Human Immunedeficiency Viurs (HIV) positive, should be informed of all the risks and possibilities that will happen to herself and her baby, so the decision to breastfeed a baby with mother milk water (ASI) itself could be considered.
2. Drugs HIV / AIDS, drugs that are known only drugs that can increase endurance or extend the life of the patient.i. AZT (Azidothymtdine), the drug is able to withstand the development of virus-containing However the side effects. Side effects that would arise among the patient will experience bone marrow damage and suffering from severe anemia, the patient must undergo a result of blood transfusions.ii. DDI (discoxyycitidine), how the drug is no different than AZT, which is able to withstand reproduction of the AIDS virus in the blood. This drug has been tested and does not cause fatal side effects.iii. DDC (Zalcitabine), such as AZT and DDI, this drug may thwart the development of AIDS virus.iv. M-HAD (Meiji Humin Derivetize Al-Bumin), this drug combination Carbodmine Suceiny Humin and Human lated Al-Bumin that has embodied in humans, the drug is able to get rid of the body's cells are riddled with HIV do not harm normal lymphocytes.iv. Tachyplesin, a chemical liquid taken from similar animals kepitin (Tachyplcus Triadentatus) called T-220. This herb has been tested in mice with very satisfactory results, but still cause side effects such as AZT.
(Source: Budi, Sapto. Buku Kerja Siswa Pendidikan jasmani Olahraga Kesehatan .Ponorogo: Tim MGMP Penjasorkes SMA Kabupaten Ponorogo.)
I Definition of HIV / AIDS
AIDS has not been found to be medically appropriate drugs to kill or fight the HIV virus. AIDS cases in 1987, was first discovered in Indonesia in Bali. Patient was a homosexual man with a Dutch citizen partner Dutch citizens from Indonesia. According to Dr. Michael Golith, Imunolog treating a famous actor died of AIDS, named Rock Hudson, has never in human history, the virus that was so scary and at once spread terror, panic, and social and political suspicion all over the world.AIDS (Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome) is a collection of symptoms lowered immune function due to infection with HIV (Human Immuno Deficiency Virus), a virus that attacks the human immune system (immune system).a danger of transmission of HIV virus / AIDS1. The symptoms of HIV / AIDS transmission from newly discovered 5-10 years2. Fever in a long time3. Weight loss is much4. Shortness of breath and coughing5. Enlarged glands in the neck and groin, severe diarrhea, unusual infection for humans6. End in death
b Factor causes of transmission of HIV / AIDS
1. According to Prof. Luc. Montaqnier, the spread of HIV / AIDS through homosexual intercourse, heterosexual, or oral sex. This virus only takes one time to contact with patients.
2. Stages of the symptoms of HIV / AIDS, as follows:i. The early stages of HIV infection, influenza-like symptoms (fever, weakness, lethargy, joint pain, cough, sore throat, and enlargement of the gland). These symptoms usually begin on a few days or several weeks, then disappear by itself.ii. Asymptomatic stage, although he did not show symptoms, but on a blood test called the HIV antibody was found HIV +. This period can last many years (5 years-7 years).iii. Stage ARC (AIDS related Complex), the symptoms of AIDS appear. ARC is a term if found to be two or more symptoms that last for three months or more, which is accompanied by fever, night sweats, weight loss of more than 10%, weakness of the body that interfere with daily activities, is widely enlarged glands, diarrhea (diarrhea) periodic or continuously in a long time for no apparent reason, coughing and shortness of breath more than one month, itching skin and patches of bluish red, sore throat and bleeding is not clear why.iv. Stages of AIDS, other infections that appear benign (tuberculosis, fungi, etc.) because their immune systems have been so damaged, so-called opportunistic infections. In addition, there can be skin cancer and lymphoma.v. Stages of brain disorders (CNS), at this stage can lead to brain cell death and mental disorders. Mental disorder that occurs in the form of dementia (memory impairment), decreased consciousness, psychotic disorders, depression, and neurological disorders.
c Virus Transmission of HIV / AIDS1. HIV / AIDS transmission can occur through the following waysi. Intercourseii. Transfusioniii. Medical devicesiv. Pregnant womenv. Body fluidsvi. Organ donation (transplant)2. The incubation period of HIV / AIDS, the incubation period is the period of time after the infection until the disease symptoms. AIDS disease has an incubation period, which shoots the AIDS virus (HIV) to AIDS. When starting the incubation period from contracting HIV atahu, the number of CD-4 cells in the body will slowly be reduced by half. This means the body has lost half of its resistance.In such conditions, immunity is still functioning and can last about 9-10 years. But after, 9-10 years infected with HIV, the number of CD-4 cells in the body are greatly reduced so that the immune system does not work anymore. At this moment the patient is a patient of AIDS. So if a person has AIDS means she has been infected with HIV about 9-10 years ago (estimated maximum). Thus the HIV incubation period ranges from 1-9 years or 1-10 years or more. The incubation period is shorter in infants born to mothers who have undergone HIV transmission. These babies begin to show symptoms of AIDS within 1 year of age.
d The initial symptoms of virus-infected HIV / AIDS, Human Immunedeficiency Viurs (HIV) has been known as the virus that causes AIDS. When it enters the body directly attacks the immune system, the T4 lymphocytes which are then entered into a bond with the CD-4 receptor found on the surface of lymphocytes. The virus is irreversible or not able to return and last a lifetime, because the Human Immunedeficiency Viurs (HIV) has been after the breed in its host will contain the viral genetic material. Since then the body of the patient was lost as the immune system and immune system remaining work, so the lack of healthy people as normal people.Although it looks healthy, these patients are most contagious virus or Human Immunedeficiency Viurs AIDS (HIV) in others. Physical symptoms begin to lose, such as fever berkeringatan night, the body quickly lethargy, decreased appetite, a thin body, susceptible to colds, diarrhea, white spots and lung diseases arise. Symptoms of AIDS contracted the disease as follows:
1. Major symptoms:i. Body weight decreased by more than 10 pounds in a short timeii. Prolonged fever for more than a month with a cold sweatiii. Prolonged diarrhea for more than a monthiv. Prolonged fatigue
2. Minor symptoms:i. Prolonged cough for more than a monthii. Abnormalities of the skin and irritation (itching)iii. Herpes simplex widespread and getting worseiv. Fungal infections of the mouth and esophagusv. Swollen lymph nodes (mlanjer) throughout the body, especially in the ears, armpits, and groin.
e High-Risk Groups Affected by HIV / AIDS1. Homosexuals, a group of people who like the same sex2. Heterosexual, promiscuous habits is at risk of contracting.3. Bisexual4. Drug Addicts
f How to Avoid the Transmission of HIV / AIDS
1. Prevention of HIV / AIDSi. Always use a sterile syringe and just when we'll do the injections or other processes that result in injuryii. Always on alert about safe sex (meaning sex that does not allow gender mixing fluids, as this allows the transmission of Human Immunedeficiency Viurs).iii. When women in a state Human Immunedeficiency Viurs (HIV) positive, should be informed of all the risks and possibilities that will happen to herself and her baby, so the decision to breastfeed a baby with mother milk water (ASI) itself could be considered.
2. Drugs HIV / AIDS, drugs that are known only drugs that can increase endurance or extend the life of the patient.i. AZT (Azidothymtdine), the drug is able to withstand the development of virus-containing However the side effects. Side effects that would arise among the patient will experience bone marrow damage and suffering from severe anemia, the patient must undergo a result of blood transfusions.ii. DDI (discoxyycitidine), how the drug is no different than AZT, which is able to withstand reproduction of the AIDS virus in the blood. This drug has been tested and does not cause fatal side effects.iii. DDC (Zalcitabine), such as AZT and DDI, this drug may thwart the development of AIDS virus.iv. M-HAD (Meiji Humin Derivetize Al-Bumin), this drug combination Carbodmine Suceiny Humin and Human lated Al-Bumin that has embodied in humans, the drug is able to get rid of the body's cells are riddled with HIV do not harm normal lymphocytes.iv. Tachyplesin, a chemical liquid taken from similar animals kepitin (Tachyplcus Triadentatus) called T-220. This herb has been tested in mice with very satisfactory results, but still cause side effects such as AZT.
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