Direct-Indirect Speech in English (Reported Speech)/ kalimat langsung-tidak langsung di dalam bahasa Inggris (melaporkan pidato)
(Sumber/Source: Ms. Lilik,English Teacher)
| Kalimat Langsung (Direct) | Kalimat tidak langsung (Indirect) |
| Present | Past |
| 1) v1, v1+ s/es (do/does, makes) Kata kerja bentuk 1+e/es (melakukan, membuat) | 1) V2 (did,made) Kata kerja bentuk 2(melakukan,membuat) |
| 2) is, am, are (pengganti kata kerja) | 2) was, were (pengganti kata kerja) |
| 3)has, have+V3 (mempunyai+kata kerja bentuk 3) | 3) had+V3 (Mempunyai+kata kerja bentuk 3) |
| 4) can, may, shall, will (dapat, boleh, harus, akan) | 4) could, might, should, would (bisa, mungkin, harus, akan) |
| PAST | PAST PERFECT |
| 1) V2 did (kata kerja bentuk 2, melakukan) | 1) had+ V3 (mempunyai+kata kerja bentuk 3) |
| 2)was, were (pengganti kata kerja) | 2) Had been (telah) |
| 3) could, might, should, would (bisa, mungkin, harus, akan) | 3) could, might, should, would tidak berubah |
Perubahan Keterangan (Adverb)
| Kalimat Langsung (Direct) | Kalimat tak langsung (Indirect) |
| 1) Now (sekarang) | 1) Then (Lalu) |
| 2) Today (Hari ini) | 2)That day (hari itu) |
| 3) Yesterday (Kemarin) | 3) The day before (hari sebelumnya) |
| 4) Tomorrow (besok) | 4) The next day/ the following day (hari berikutnya) |
| 5) Next (selanjutnya) | 5) Following … (berikut) |
| 6) … ago (…….dahulu) | 6) … before/ the previous …. (…. Sebelum/sebelumnya…) |
| 7) here (di sini) | 7) there (sana) |
| 8) this (ini) | 8) that (itu) |
Kalimat Tak Langsung pada “Kalimat Tanya”
Pada kalimat Tanya, aturan perubahan sama dengan kalimat positif. Perbedaan terdapat pada penghubung pada kalimat Tanya adalah:
Ø If, whether (apakah) => untuk Yes-No Question
Ø Kata tanya => untuk W.H. Question
Contoh kata Tanya: who, when, where, why, how, how often dan sebagainya. Penghubung, harus diikuti kalimat positif, bukan lagi kalimat Tanya.
Contoh:
Ø Santy asked him, “Are you sick?” => Santy asked him if he was sick
(Santy bertanya kepadanya, "Apakah Anda sakit?"
Santy bertanya apakah dia sakit)
Ø Mother asked me, “What are you doing?” => Mother asked me what I was doing.
( Ibu bertanya padaku, "Apa yang kamu lakukan?" => Ibu bertanya apa yang saya lakukan.)
Kalimat Tak Langsung pada “Kalimat Perintah dan Larangan”
Ø Kalimat Perintah => menggunakan penghubung “to”, tidak ada perubahan tenses. Contoh: Teacher told us, “Open your book!” => Teacher told us to open our book. (Guru mengatakan kepada kami, "Buka bukumu!" => Guru menyuruh kami untuk membuka buku kami.)
Ø Kalimat Larangan =>menggunakan penghubung “not to”, tidak ada perubahan tenses. Contoh: Shirley told his sister, “Don’t be sad!” =>Shirley told his sister not to be sad. (Shirley mengatakan adiknya, "Jangan sedih!" => Shirley mengatakan adiknya untuk tidak sedih.)
Example:
(1) “Don’t make noise, Children!” she said => she told the children not to make noise.
((1) "Jangan membuat kebisingan, Anak-anak!" Katanya => dia mengatakan kepada anak-anak untuk tidak membuat kebisingan.)
(2) Paiman : Do you like this?
Tukimen : Yes
Indirect speech: He asked me if I liked it so did I say yes.
(3) Bakrie asked me if I had come the party the day before => Fatimah said, “Did you come to the party yesterday?”
(4) The teacher asked Sinta, “Why did you make many mistakes?” => The teacher wondered why she had made many mistakes.
(5) Bella : Mujiono left for Madura this morning.
Beruk : Sorry, what did Bella say?
Dessy : she said whether Mujiono had left for Bandung that morning.
(6) The godmother asked Cinderella, “Why are you crying, Good girl?” => The god mother asked Cinderella why she was crying.
(7) Mother warned her not to touch the newly plainted wall. => Mother warned her, “Don’t touch the newly painted wall!”
(8) Andre : What did he tell you?
Bambang : He told me that he would see him soon.
(9) Katemo : “Did you know what Paijem said yesterday?”
Paimin :” Of course. He said he had gone to his country the previous day.
(10)Teacher : “Why was Martini absent yesterday?”
Juminten : “What did the teacher want to know, Paijo?”
Paijo : “She wanted to know why Martini had been absent.”
(11)Mother : “Don’t be so noisy, Hartono. The baby is sleeping/
Hartono : “Okay, Mom.”
Rudi : “Whad did your mother just tell you?
Hartono : “She told me not to be so noisy because the baby was sleeping.”
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